Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CH2OH. It is an alcohol, with its formula also written as C2H5OH, C2H6O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like odor and pungent taste.[13][14] In nature, grape-sugar breaks up by the action of fermentation into alcohol or carbonic acid, without anything being added.[15] As a psychoactive depressant, it is the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks, and the second most consumed drug globally behind caffeine.
Ethanol is commonly used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, personal care, food and beverages, fuel, and chemicals. Its versatility as a solvent, disinfectant, fuel, and feedstock for chemical synthesis makes it indispensable. Depending on its intended use, ethanol can be found in different purity levels, with the most common being denatured ethanol (unfit for consumption) and pure ethanol (suitable for industrial, pharmaceutical, and beverage purposes).
Appearance | Colourless liquid |
Odor | wine-like, pungent. |
pH | Slightly acidic |
Molecular Weight | 46.07 g/mol |
Boiling Point | 78.23 ± 0.09 |
Melting Point | −114.14 ± 0.03 |
Vapor Pressure | 5.95 kPa (at 20 °C) |
Density | 0.78945 g/cm3 (at 20 °C) |
Flash Point | 14 °C |
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