Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odourless, water-soluble salts that yield alkaline solutions in water. Historically, it was extracted from the ashes of plants grown in sodium-rich soils, and because the ashes of these sodium-rich plants were noticeably different from ashes of wood (once used to produce potash), sodium carbonate became known as “soda ash”.[12] It is produced in large quantities from sodium chloride and limestone by the Solvay process, as well as by carbonating sodium hydroxide which is made using the chloralkali process.
Soda ash dense, also known as sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), is used across various industries for its alkalinity, chemical properties, and ability to act as a flux, pH regulator, or cleaning agent. Below are the key industries that use soda ash dense:
Soda ash dense is a versatile industrial chemical with applications across diverse sectors due to its alkaline nature, ability to neutralize acids, and role in various manufacturing processes.
Chemical formula | Na2CO3 |
Molar mass | 105.9888 g/mol (anhydrous) |
| 286.1416 g/mol (decahydrate) |
Appearance | White solid, hygroscopic |
Odor | Odorless |
Density | 2.54 g/cm3 (25 °C, anhydrous) |
| 1.92 g/cm3 (856 °C) |
| 2.25 g/cm3 (monohydrate)[1] |
| 1.51 g/cm3 (heptahydrate) |
| 1.46 g/cm3 (decahydrate)[2] |
Melting point | 851 °C (1,564 °F; 1,124 K) (Anhydrous) |
| 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) |
| decomposes (monohydrate) |
| 33.5 °C (92.3 °F; 306.6 K) |
| decomposes (heptahydrate) |
| 34 °C (93 °F; 307 K) |
| (decahydrate)[2][6] |
Solubility in water | Anhydrous, g/100 mL: |
| 7 (0 °C) |
| 16.4 (15 °C) |
| 34.07 (27.8 °C) |
| 48.69 (34.8 °C) |
| 48.1 (41.9 °C) |
| 45.62 (60 °C) |
| 43.6 (100 °C)[3] |
Solubility | Soluble in aq. alkalis,[3] glycerol |
| Slightly soluble in aq. alcohol |
| Insoluble in CS2, acetone, alkyl acetates, alcohol, benzonitrile, liquid ammonia[4] |
Solubility in glycerine | 98.3 g/100 g (155 °C)[4] |
Solubility in ethanediol | 3.46 g/100 g (20 °C)[5] |
Solubility in dimethylformamide | 0.5 g/kg[5] |
Acidity (pKa) | 10.33 |
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | −4.1·10−5 cm3/mol[2] |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.485 (anhydrous) |
| 1.420 (monohydrate)[6] |
| 1.405 (decahydrate) |
Viscosity | 3.4 cP (887 °C)[5] |
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